Military gaming has long been a cornerstone of combat training. It evolved from simple board games to complex, high-tech simulations that prepare soldiers for the challenges of modern warfare. As technology advanced, so did the scope and effectiveness of military gaming, which integrated cutting-edge innovations to improve military decision-making and operational readiness.
This blog will explore the history of military gaming and how evolving technologies have shaped modern combat training, ensuring soldiers are always prepared for the dynamic nature of combat.
A Brief History of Military Gaming
Early Wargames and WWII Era
The roots of military gaming can be traced back to the 19th century to Kriegsspiel, a Prussian tactical training exercise for the Prussians that simulated battle scenarios. Kriegsspiel effectively helped commanders develop strategic thinking through double-blind play, meaning that opponents could only see what the other is doing when they are in direct contact.
During the mid-20th century, the RAND Corporation pioneered early computerized wargames. These simulations, often referred to as “SIERRA” and Theaterspiel, were designed to model military operations and enhance decision-making processes. They allowed military planners to experiment with strategies and predict outcomes of various combat scenarios using early computational models, laying the foundation for future advancements in military simulation.
In the 1970s, SIMNET emerged, marking the beginning of networked simulation. This early system allowed multiple participants to engage in realistic, multiplayer training exercises. The development of Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) further expanded this concept, allowing military personnel to train together across vast distances, enhancing collaboration and readiness in combat situations.
Rise of Serious Gaming and Commercial Game Engines
In the 1990s, military gaming evolved further with the advent of advanced simulators, which were used during the Gulf War. Simulators like the F-16 Fighting Falcon and F-15 Strike Eagle helped improve combat performance by providing realistic training scenarios. The Close Combat Tactical Trainer (CCTT), used to train ground forces, was another major development. It simulates battlefield conditions for tank crews and infantry units.
The rise of Virtual Battlespace 2 (VBS2) in the early 2000s marked a significant milestone, as it became one of the most widely adopted simulation platforms. Developed for mission rehearsal and combat training, VBS2 became a standard tool for many military forces worldwide, including the U.S. Army and NATO. Similarly, the U.S. Army's America’s Army game, developed for recruitment and training, transitioned into a powerful tool for fostering teamwork and mission planning within a realistic virtual environment.
How Evolving Technologies Have Shaped Modern Combat Training
Advancements in technology have dramatically transformed combat training, enabling soldiers to experience more dynamic and realistic simulations. From virtual environments to autonomous systems, these innovations provide new ways to prepare troops for the complexities of modern warfare. Below, we explore key technologies shaping today’s training practices.
1. Live, Virtual, Constructive Training Environments
One of the most significant advancements in modern combat training is the development of live, virtual, and constructive (LVC) training environments, also known as synthetic training (STE) environments. These cloud-based platforms enable the simulation of complex, multi-domain combat scenarios across land, sea, air, and cyber domains.
By incorporating technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Extended Reality (XR), LVC environments provide adaptive and scalable solutions that move away from static, traditional simulators. The ability to train remotely — anywhere, anytime — significantly enhances accessibility and flexibility for soldiers, offering them the opportunity to engage in realistic combat situations no matter their location.
2. The Power of AI and Machine Learning
Another groundbreaking development in combat training is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. These technologies enable personalized, adaptive training experiences by analyzing a soldier’s actions and adjusting training scenarios in real-time based on performance. AI systems can provide immediate, tailored feedback, ensuring that soldiers receive continuous improvement opportunities. AI also assists commanders in real-time training exercises, offering data-driven recommendations that help shape the scenario based on simulated situations.
This advancement allows for more sophisticated and advanced training methods, improving the readiness of both individual troops and command leadership. The combination of real-time data analysis and machine learning ensures that the training is both relevant and effective, enhancing decision-making and tactical execution on the battlefield.
3. Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS)
The Integrated Visual Augmentation System (IVAS) is the next generation of augmented reality (AR) for military personnel. It uses XR technologies to overlay critical information within a soldier’s field of view, significantly enhancing situational awareness during training and actual combat.
Originally developed in collaboration with Microsoft, IVAS provides real-time data on the battlefield, helping soldiers make quicker, more informed decisions. The project, currently under evaluation by the U.S. Army, highlights the growing importance of AR in combat environments. IVAS offers an immersive, intuitive training experience, enhancing operational effectiveness and helping soldiers make decisions under pressure.
4. Autonomous Systems and Simulations
The integration of autonomous systems like robots, drones, and unmanned vehicles is revolutionizing combat training. These systems can simulate enemy threats, providing realistic opposition in training scenarios that closely mimic real combat challenges.
Additionally, AI-powered autonomous systems enhance the performance of unmanned vehicles, drones, and robots. By creating highly adaptive and unpredictable scenarios, these technologies help soldiers gain hands-on experience with the latest systems. This prepares them for integrating autonomous technologies into combat operations. The use of autonomous systems in training not only enhances realism but also provides critical preparation for future military challenges.
Interested in Military Gaming?
Gaming technology has played — and will continue to play — a significant role in military human performance technology innovations.
At Tech Grove, we uncover unique ways to solve some of the modeling, simulation, and training industry’s toughest problems. We do this by fostering collaboration between the defense industry, other small technology businesses, academia, and the military. We regularly host virtual and live events to help people like you connect and discuss innovations that may help solve training challenges.
Each year, Indienomicon hosts annual Game Jams, collaborative innovative game dev events that work closely with specific major industries.
This year’s Armed Forces Jam will bring together individuals in a physical environment to attempt to rapidly — in 48 hours — prototype a game focused on some element of the challenges faced by military branches. The event will be held at Central Florida’s Tech Grove in Orlando and cash prizes will be awarded.
To learn more about this year’s challenges, develop an idea pitch (or decide if you just want to be on a team), the event agenda, and more, go to the Armed Forces Jam website.
